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Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Center

Functional Movement Disorder

At Stony Brook Medicine, we take a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to treating functional movement disorder. Our goal is to provide individualized care that addresses each patient’s specific symptoms, type of involuntary or unconscious movement, and identified triggers.

What is Functional Movement Disorder?

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a condition characterized by abnormal body movements, such as tremors, spasms or weakness, that is not caused by a structural problem with the brain but rather by a disruption in how different brain regions communicate with one another.

While symptoms can resemble those of other movement disorders, FMD is distinct in that it is related to how the nervous system functions rather than structural damage or a neurodegenerative disease. FMD can significantly impact a person's daily life, and an accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

Symptoms of Functional Movement Disorder

Functional movement disorder can manifest in several ways, including but not limited to:

  • Functional Tremor: Shaking movements that can affect the hands or other parts of the body. These movements can vary in intensity and sometimes stop with distraction.
  • Functional Dystonia: Muscle contractions causing abnormal postures or movements.
  • Functional Gait Disorder: Abnormalities in walking, such as wobbling or freezing, without a structural cause.
  • Functional Myoclonus: Sudden, shock-like movements caused by muscle jerks that can affect one or more areas of the body.
  • Functional Weakness or Paralysis: A loss of strength or mobility in a body part.


Our team tailors each patient’s treatment plan to address their specific characteristics and symptoms.

Treatments for Functional Movement Disorder

Treatments for functional movement disorder may include the following:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a core component of the treatment for FMD, as it helps patients identify and address underlying triggers contributing to their symptoms. Many of the individuals we treat find CBT to be particularly effective in managing their condition. Recognizing that attending in-person sessions can sometimes be a challenge, we offer telehealth-delivered CBT in individual and group settings as a promising and flexible solution. Our recent pilot study evaluated the feasibility and benefits of this telehealth approach in a group setting, underscoring its potential as an accessible and effective therapy option with the added benefit of peer support.
  • Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: Tailored rehabilitation, whether via physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy, is designed to retrain the brain and body, helping to restore functional mobility and improve overall functioning.
  • Medication and Symptom Management: When appropriate, medications may be used to address related conditions, such as anxiety or depression, which can trigger symptom flare-ups or exacerbate symptoms.

We are committed to providing innovative, compassionate care for individuals with functional movement disorder. By combining research-based treatments and a patient-focused approach, we aim to improve symptoms, enhance quality of life and offer hope for a brighter future.

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